Understanding trauma, supporting survivors, and building a culture of respect
Content note: This article discusses sexual violence without graphic details.
The sexual violence allegations at Cornell University have brought difficult questions about consent, campus culture, and responses to survivors into public conversation. For some, the coverage is deeply personal. It may bring back memories, raise questions about an experience, or leave parents wondering how to talk with their children.
At Younity, our message is clear: With Survivors, Always.
While the Cornell case remains unresolved, our team offers expertise drawn from our work in sexual violence advocacy, training, counseling, prevention, and education. Understanding trauma helps us respond with care. Honest conversations about consent help us prevent harm. And people affected by sexual violence need to know that support is available, including long after an experience.
Understanding what trauma can do to memory
After sexual violence, telling someone what happened can be difficult. A survivor may be frightened, overwhelmed, or struggling to make sense of an experience they cannot yet put into words. They deserve patience and support, even when they cannot offer a clear account from beginning to end.
Sheilagh Mescal Gunstensen, BScN, MA, Younity’s Training Specialist, explains that during trauma, the brain’s immediate focus is getting through the danger. That response can affect how memories are formed and later recalled.
Sheilagh uses an analogy to describe how fragmented those recollections can feel: “It would be as though you filmed the whole attack, cut up every frame, threw it up in the air, and the way it lands is how it’s organized in your brain.”
Some details may remain vivid. Others may be missing or difficult to place in sequence. Over time, someone may recall additional details, find different words to describe an experience, or feel able to share something they previously held back. Every survivor’s experience is different, and some gaps may remain.
Finding the words can also take time. Drawing on her work with survivors, Sheilagh describes a pattern she has personally observed: for some, it has taken around two years to feel ready to talk more fully about what happened.
“They’ve healed enough that the triggering is not so devastating, so they can say these things out loud,” she says.
Her observation is not a fixed timetable. Some survivors speak sooner; others need longer. Readiness to talk and the ability to recall details can vary, and neither should determine whether someone receives support.
How we listen matters, too. Sheilagh explains that when survivors feel they are not being believed, “they start to limit what they’re willing to tell people who are questioning them.”
A patient, compassionate response gives someone room to speak at their own pace. They do not need to remember every detail or have all the words ready to deserve our care.
Finding words for what happened
Memory is only part of the picture. A survivor may also need time to understand an experience and feel safe enough to share it.
Suki Wasserman, Younity’s Crisis Response Sexual Violence Advocate, explains that someone may initially blame themselves for freezing, staying, or drinking, and need support to recognize that none of those things gave another person permission to harm them.
“Younity’s support begins in the moment of crisis and continues throughout the healing process,” Suki says. “As survivors process what happened, their feelings and needs may change. We’re here to support them along the way, including through counseling.”
An account given soon afterward may differ from one shared months or years later. Someone may remember additional details, understand the experience differently, or disclose things they previously felt unable to say. These possibilities do not explain every difference in an account, but they remind us how important it is to listen with patience and understand what someone may still be processing.
That is why Younity’s support continues beyond the immediate crisis, giving survivors room to make sense of what happened and seek help at their own pace.
Responding without blame
Sexual violence can leave people questioning their own responses: Why didn’t I leave? Why didn’t I fight? Why didn’t I say something sooner?
Suki and Varonda N. Kendrick, Younity’s Director of Response Teams & Outreach, describe how someone facing danger may freeze or try to appease another person to get through the situation. Those responses should not be mistaken for freely given consent.
Consent is specific and ongoing. Agreeing to one activity does not mean agreeing to another, and a person can change their mind. Someone who is incapacitated cannot consent. Choosing to drink or use drugs does not give another person permission to cause harm.
Varonda places responsibility where it belongs: “That’s on the person that caused harm, not the person who was harmed.”
Clothing, a relationship, or being in a particular place does not make someone responsible for another person’s violence.
Sheilagh also challenges the double standard in telling women to avoid drinking as a way to prevent sexual violence. That advice places the burden on women to restrict their behavior rather than on others to respect their boundaries.
She emphasizes that men must be part of prevention: respecting boundaries, recognizing pressure and coercion, and understanding that no one is entitled to sexual access to another person. These conversations belong alongside practical safety advice, so that preventing harm does not become solely the responsibility of those at risk.
For college students, seeking help may also feel complicated by the relationships around them. They may worry about encountering the same people in class, losing friendships, or changing their place within a social group. These concerns can make speaking up difficult, even when someone knows that what happened was not okay.
A supportive response begins with listening. Thank the person for telling you. Let them know that the harm was not their fault. Ask what they need, and give them room to make decisions without pressure.
Understanding where to turn
Someone who is unsure what to do can begin with support.
Sheilagh recommends speaking with a confidential counselor to talk through an experience and explore options. A county sexual violence agency can also provide support outside the college, including help understanding reporting choices and accompaniment through medical, police, and court procedures.
Campus counseling, a Title IX office, campus police, and local or state police serve different roles. A designated confidential counselor offers a place to discuss concerns, subject to legal limits on confidentiality. Title IX addresses the college’s response to sexual misconduct, including supportive measures and its disciplinary process. Campus police may investigate crimes within their authority, while local or state police may offer additional reporting options.
Students do not have to navigate these choices alone. A confidential advocate can help identify the appropriate agency, explain the different processes, and help students understand what information may be shared and with whom.
In Mercer County, Younity can help people navigate these options. Reaching out for support does not require having every answer or deciding immediately whether to make a report.
Support that continues
Support does not end when the immediate crisis passes. Whether someone reaches out right away, months later, or years afterward, Younity is here.
“This may take a while to process, and we are here,” says Suki. “There is no stop date on when you can come back for help.”
A survivor does not need to have everything sorted out before reaching out. Younity can offer a place to talk, help someone understand available options, and connect them with advocacy and counseling services.
For anyone affected by the coverage, stepping away from the news or choosing not to participate in a conversation is also an option. No one owes others the details of their experience.
Prevention begins before college
For Grace Flagler, Younity’s Prevention & Community Educator, education about consent begins with everyday lessons about boundaries and respect.
Children can learn, in age-appropriate ways, that they have a say over their own bodies and must respect other people’s boundaries. A simple example is asking for a hug and accepting the answer when someone says no. Those lessons can grow into conversations about friendships, dating, communication, and sexual consent.
Waiting until college means some students may already be navigating intimate relationships without having had these conversations.
Ken Odenheimer, Prevention Educator Assistant, identifies first-year seminars as an opportunity for colleges to build that understanding early. Discussions about consent, boundaries, and supporting others can become part of students’ introduction to campus life.
Grace emphasizes that prevention must continue beyond a single presentation. Integrating education into classes and campus programming can also reach students who might not choose to attend an optional event.
In Mercer County, Younity’s prevention and education team works with colleges through outreach and programming. Scenario-based discussions give students opportunities to examine assumptions, recognize pressure, and practice thinking through consent and communication.
Having the courage to change campus culture
Grace and Ken hope this moment can become a turning point for campus culture, prompting colleges and students to confront harmful attitudes and make prevention an ongoing priority.
But change requires more than public attention. It takes honest conversations about consent, respect, and responsibility, including the courage to challenge harmful behavior among friends.
“The hard conversations will lead to change and growth,” Ken says, “but they’re hard to have.”
Ken emphasizes inviting people into conversations about harmful behavior so they can understand its impact and their responsibility to change. Grace points out that challenging someone we know and care about can be especially difficult.
When a degrading joke is met with laughter or silence, a survivor in the room may wonder whether anyone there would support them. Speaking up can make that support visible.
These conversations also belong at home. Parents can talk about boundaries, consent, and relationships before a headline forces the subject. Keeping those discussions open and free of shame helps children and teens know they can ask questions or seek help.
“We have to challenge adults to have enough courage to talk about it and talk about it in an empathetic and understanding way,” Grace says.
Students need opportunities to learn, ask questions, and practice respectful communication. Adults and institutions share responsibility for creating those opportunities.
Younity is here
Our team works together across advocacy, counseling, training, prevention, and education. We support people affected by domestic and sexual violence while helping our community build the knowledge and skills to prevent harm.
If this coverage has affected you, if you are questioning an experience, or if someone you care about needs help, you can turn to Younity.
Call our 24/7 hotline at 609-394-9000 for support and information about your options.
Schools, colleges, and community groups in Mercer County can also contact Younity to learn about prevention and education programming: grace@younitynj.org
With Survivors, Always. Together, we are stronger than abuse.
